The objective of the Bilge system is to drain any water/liquid out of the compartment. Depending on where the water came from, the liquid will either be discharged overboard or collected in a tank for treatment before discharged overboard. This will prevent the flooding of the compartment.
Ballast system is for ballasting of the tank, to take out/in the water from/to the ballast tank for stability purposes and to increase/decrease the displacement of the ship.
Refer figure for better understanding. Green line is for Ballast system and blue line is for bilge system.
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